Bollywood as a global industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bollywood as a global industry - Research Paper Example It is very easy to establish that every local channel has an Indian music or movies. On top of that, movies, songs and dance styles are loved by many people who even do not understand the language. For example, one of the old Hindi films called Shree 420(1955) is still aired up to date, although some changes have been made to it. Bollywood is a perfect example of a global industry. It is one of the largest film making industries not only in India but also in rest the world. It is located In Mumbai, India. The name Bollywood is derived from two names; Bombay which is the initial name for Mumbai and Hollywood which is the famous American film producers. Bollywood naming mainly came to being because of â€Å"Tollywood† which refers to the film industry of West Bengal. Tollywood started at around 1932. In 1930s, Bollywood started to venture in sound filming. This was mainly because at that time, there was a huge market for the Indian music as evidenced by the first Indian sound film (Ardershir Iran’s Alam Ara) which was a great realization. However Bollywood passed through many tough times which could easily have lead it to collapse. Such times include World War 2 (1939-1945), great depression and struggle for independence. After India got its independence in it experienced a â€Å"golden age†. Under this period, Bollywood produced several films which are largely acknowledged up to today. They include Kaagaz Ke Phool of 1959 and Madhumati of 1958. It is also during this time that it produced extolled actors and actresses who include Mala Sinha, Guru Dutt and Mani Kaul. Over time, Bollywood incorporated romantic and action films and also improved in the animation sector. From the year 2000, Bollywood started to increase its market target by increasing interconnectedness of countries through adopted of advanced technology (Ganti, 2012). Bollywood has help a lot in cultural development. Through these films, it has spread

Companies and the education Essay Example for Free

Companies and the education Essay It is no denying the fact that globalization is evil, in the real sense of the word, for countries like India, Pakistan and many other developing countries. Globalization is good among the developed countries- like America, Canada, Europe etc. because here the competition is on equal terms. Globalization is also fair among the developing countries, like India, Pakistan etc. But it cannot be said that globalization or competition is fair and on equal terms between developed countries on the one hand and the developing countries on the other hand. It does not make sense that Pakistan will be able to compete on equal level with America. The outcome of this competition can be forecasted easily i. e. all the benefits will definitely go in the pockets of the multinationals of the developed world and the developing ones will suffer greatly in this bargain. It can be said that globalization is a modern method of enslaving the third world countries. In the name of globalization the Western world is dictating the developing countries to open their markets and reduce expenses on social causes, the likes of education and health, while on the other hand the developed countries themselves are subsidizing their farmers, multinational companies and the education. This kind of globalization does not make any sense. But yes it can be called as Westernization. Globalization is the modern face of colonization. In globalization the poor and developing countries are to provide cheap raw materials for the developed world in return for expensive manufactured goods. Thus the developing countries will never be able to produce goods as cheap goods as the all-pervasive multinationals will be producing. They will just provide cheap labor. The supporters of globalization say that globalization has actually decreased the global poverty. They say that no doubt most countries have seen lower income growth but the world’s two largest countries china and India have experienced the opposite. They also say that it is only those countries that increasingly integrate them with the world economy that have managed to grow fastest and reduce poverty the most. Thus it is suggested by them that only those countries who open themselves very much to the world can be benefited in this bargain. Now let us check these arguments of the supporters of the globalization. â€Å"Economists agonize about capital flows but often overlooks the social disruptions, cultural clashes and political changes that globalization brings. † (Mott. 2004. p. 33) It is no doubt that exports and foreign investment played integral role in China’s development. China is able to buy the capital equipments and the other modern tools for its modernization by selling its home-made products in the length and breathe of the world. The managerial and technical expertise of china is also increased by the increase in foreign investment. Now take a close look and we discover that china’s economic policies violated almost all the rules and regulations according to which the supporters of globalization want to play their game. China joined the World Trade Organization only a year or two back and they also did not liberalize their trade policies to a great extent. Their economic policies are the most protected policies in the world. China opens its financial markets to the world just a little time back. Chinese know that the solutions to their problems must be the one suitable to the local conditions. Thus they developed and progress immensely not by following the hard and fast rules of globalization but by will, dedication and nicely built policies suitable to the local environment. On the other hand many countries that open themselves up to the world without taking care of the local demands and conditions suffer financially and functionally. For example, Latin America followed the principles of globalization with great zeal and gusto in the 1990sis suffering from increasing inequality, low economic growth rates, and heightened.

An Analysis of Lilith (Bodys Beauty) :: Lilith Essays

An Analysis of Lilith (Body's Beauty) First published in 1868 in Swinburne's pamphlet-review, "Notes on the Royal Academy Exhibition," the sonnet entitled "Lilith" was written to accompany the painting "Lady Lilith." The poem and picture appeared alongside Rossetti's painting "Sibylla Palmifera" and the sonnet "Soul's Beauty," which was written for it. In 1870, both of these poems were published among the "Sonnets for Pictures" section of Rossetti's Poems. In 1881, however, "it occurred to Rossetti to contrast the two as representatives of fleshly and spiritual beauty," and thus he transferred them to "The House of Life" (Baum 181). The Lilith sonnet was then renamed "Body's Beauty" in order to highlight the contrast between it and "Soul's Beauty," and the two were placed sequentially in "The House of Life" (sonnets number 77 and 78). Because Rossetti originally named the sonnet "Lilith" and only changed the name to highlight the contrast between it and "Soul's Beauty," this study will refer to it by its original name. "Lilith" reads as follows: Of Adam's first wife, Lilith, it is told (The witch he loved before the gift of Eve,) That, ere the snake's, her sweet tongue could deceive, And her enchanted hair was the first gold. And still she sits, young while the earth is old, And, subtly of herself contemplative, Draws men to watch the bright web she can weave, Till heart and body and life are in its hold. The rose and poppy are her flower; for where Is he not found, O Lilith, whom shed scent And soft-shed kisses and soft sleep shall snare? Lo! as that youth's eyes burned at thine, so went Thy spell through him, and left his straight neck bent And round his heart one strangling golden hair. (Collected Works, 216). Much like "Lady Lilith," "Lilith" celebrates the pleasures of physicality. As an enchantress, she "draws men to watch the bright web she can weave," but she does not invite them to be mere voyeurs of her charms (line 7). Instead, she invites them to her and then ensnares them in her "web" of physical beauty, ultimately causing their death (line 8). "Subtly of herself contemplative," a phrase echoing Pater's famous description of the "Mona Lisa," highlights Lilith's attitude of "voluptuous self applause," an attitude which was so visually apparent in Rossetti's painting (Baum 185).

Business Plan for a new soft drinks Essay

1.0 Company description 1.1 Brief History and Present State Eclipse Chill Drinks introduced itself in 2012 as a roadside juice selling endeavor in Dhanmondi, Dhaka. Initially we had two outlets with no any administrative office and all the administrative activities were conducted over the communication via phone and social media. Gradually, we expanded our business throughout the Dhaka City establishing as a private limited company and today we have 200 mobile retail outlets serving raw fruit juice and drinks, mainly sugarcane juice and lemon soda, to the mass pedestrians of the city. Eclipse Chill has also settled in a corporate office situated at 23/4, Dhanmondi 4/A, Dhaka-1215. We also have a small storage house, at Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, for keeping inventories and machineries. The company is now at the initial stage of transition with the plan to produce and sell canned beverages to the confectionary and super stores with the new name Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. Our conducted feasibility analysis reveals a huge demand for our current product at home or other convenient places with currently not reflecting due to lack of health and hygiene concerns of roadside food products. Our research and development group has come up with the country’s first canned sugarcane juice drink that is viable to create buzz in the market. We will set up a big manufacturing plant in Gazipur where beverages will be produced and packaged in a healthy environment following a computerized automated process by imported equipments. 1.2 Mission Mission Statement: Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. wants to see itself as the top trustworthy host of fruit juice based beverage drinks in the market. Our current growth in the raw fruit juice market already proves us reliable in providing quality tasty drinks to the mass. Now we want to ensure that our product is healthy, hygiene, and quite durable so that we can serve all kinds of people in the market of fruit or soft drinks both home and outside. Initially we will enter the market with the position of niche marketing and in a few years we will be able to capture the juice and soft drinks market and hopefully lead the market in 10 to 15 years. 1.3 Existing Organizational Structure The current Eclipse Chill Drinks has a very simple diamond-shaped organizational structure with operation and sales being its major functional area. Figure 1: Organizational structure of Eclipse Chill Drinks 2014 (Source: self) We also initiated an outsourced Research & Development team for product development purpose, which is overseen by our product development head Mehedi Hasan. 2.0 analysis of juice & soft drinks industry The beverage industry is an established industry that is still growing because of many different new products it brings in the market and also because of the substantial increase in buying power of people. Globalization is another factor that plays its role in the steady growth of the beverage industry. Because of its establishment, the competitors are able to hold a steady return while the overall industry return is always high because of the industry growth. The industry comprises of several genres of products such as juice, soft drinks, energy drinks etc. However, we will be competing in the fruit juice drinks genre with our beverages originating from natural fruits. 2.1 Competitor Analysis Since we will sell juice drinks products, out main competitor brands will be ACME, Pran Frooto, Frutika, Shezan, and Slice. However, these brands mainly sell orange or mango based juice products while our company will be selling unique products based on sugarcane, grape, lemon, water melon etc. based drinks. From that perspective, those brands are more like substitute products in the market for our company and our direct competitor in that sense is the Appy Fizz drinks. However, we will consider the previously mentioned brands as our direct competitors since they are the major players in the market and thus that makes more sense from the market viewpoint. The list of our major competitor companies are give below: i. Pran (Fruit juice and drink) ii. Akij Food and Beverage (Fruit juice) iii. Globe Soft Drinks and Beverage (Fruit juice and drink) iv. Abul Khair Consumer Goods (Fruit juice and drink) v. Partex Beverage (Fruit drink) vi. Hashem Foods (Fruit juice) vii. Transcom Beverage (Fruit juice) viii. Acme Agrovet & Beverages (Fruit juice) ix. Pepsico (Slice) Figure 2: Bangladesh fruit juice and drinks industry market share (Haque, n.d.) 2.2 Industry Attractiveness According to Porter (1980) there are five major competitive forces (Rivalry among firms, Threat of new entrants, Threat of substitutes, Bargaining power of suppliers, Bargaining power of buyers) in the market that determines the potential of an industry and its firms in terms of profitability since they significantly affect pricing. Following Porter’s competitive forces model analysis, we have found the following feedback for the industry. Table 1: Porter’s five competitive forces analysis (self) Our findings suggest that the industry we want to operate into is very lucrative and profitable as it mostly poses a moderate level of threat to overall industry profitability. 3.0 market analysis 3.1 Market Description We have more clear and specific information about the market and we are also aware of the customer demand and choices. The juice and soft drinks market always expect new quality products. Based on our Research and Development, we are determined to serve our customer needs and wants with a totally new taste of juice drinks like â€Å"Canned Sugarcane Drinks†. Our initial market consists of Dhaka city with a population of around 10 million and our target market include .80 million of that population. 3.2 SWOT Analysis We have identified some factors that define our strengths and weaknesses of our business that will affect the market and some opportunities and threats that the market presents to our business. 3.2.1 Strengths We have a talented and experienced management team that will lead us to success. We also have a very good relationship with our suppliers and other stakeholders. Our core input products are manufactured or found locally in the country so we can get them quickly and easily; also the price will be cheaper while the transportation cost will be minimized. We already have a reputation for providing good quality raw juice products. 3.2.2 Weaknesses We are entering the beverage industry as a new name so we will face a lot of competition and also our recognition will take time to get established. We will introduce ourselves with only one product. This less of product classification is not going to reach all of our target market. We also have challenges to maintain the product safety and quality since it is a food  product and any little mistake may lead to lawsuit problems. 3.2.3 Opportunities The beverage market expects new taste and flavor which we are going to bring. The industry is of high growth rate and it is still increasing with the increase in people’s income and need for quality life. Country’s infrastructure of communication, transportation, and media is improving that will make things easy for our business. The positive economic trend also helps our cause. 3.2.4 Threats There are already major rivals competing in the industry strongly. Moreover, there are available substitute products in the market which takes away the control of pricing a little from us. The political unrest in the country also poses threat to our business and the overall industry. As the product is new and innovative, the company has to consider some critical issues, which are as follows- The products sales growth will be slow and our company may face loss in the very first year of their operation. Thus the company has to hold the product’s position for first 12 month, which is admirable. As the product is new in the market, it will take too much time to stay in the heart of the consumer and the beginning consumers will be innovators. Thus attractive and effective marketing will be needed to attract, grow, and retain the customers. The marketing objectives will be to create product awareness and trial. The company must use heavy sales promotion to entice trial that is matter of investing huge amount of money. The products cost per customer will be high, as the product is lunching initially 4.0 marketing plan Our marketing objective is to initially attempt to introduce the product in the market and establish a brand image, and to achieve a sales target of 68, 9850 units per year. Initially it may take 2 to 3 years until we reach such level but that is the target we want to meet. 4.1 Market Segmentation and Target Market We will segment the market using several geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral variables. 4.1.1 Regional Regionally we will segment the market in rural, urban, and suburban parts. We select urban and suburban areas as our target market since rural people are not likely to get a product with a good price that comes from a product they produce in mass. 4.1.2 Age group There are people of different ages in our target market. It includes children, teenagers, young adults, and middle aged and elderly people. We select children, teenagers and young adults as our target market since they are the people that are fond of juice based soft drinks. Middle aged and elderly people are excluded because most of them suffer from diabetics and ours is a sugar based product. 4.1.3 Income level The income of people ranges from low, lower middle, middle, higher middle, and high income. We want to target from middle income level to high income level people because people with lower income than that will feel the product highly priced. 4.1.4 Social class There are lower class, lower middle class, middle class, upper middle class, upper lower class, upper class, upper upper class etc. in the society. We want to target people from middle class to upper class because the can product will suit their class. Upper upper class people generally do not like new local brands. 4.1.5 User status Users can be divided into categories based on their use of a new product. It consists of potential user, first-time user, regular user etc. We want to target the first two groups for now since regular user will not try our product until it becomes a trend. 4.2 Marketing Strategy The greatest objective is to establish our new brand in the industry. The marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness regarding the product and establishing connections with targeted markets and work toward building customer loyalty and referrals. The specific marketing strategies include: 4.2.1 Increase awareness and brand image Inform the consumers about our new product â€Å"Canned Sugarcane Drinks†. Through  advertisement, leaflets, events we can increase awareness of the product and establish image of our product. 4.2.2 Cross selling We can use our existing distributors to distribute our new product. We will also be able to cross sell our new product with our existing products. This will help us promoting our new product to the market. 4.2.3 Quality and cost leadership Our strategy is for being the quality and cost leader in the market. We will offer the best quality unique drink in the market which will make us differentiated quality leader in the market. We will also be reducing our cost through the use of local raw materials through existing suppliers, latest technology, and economies of scale. 4.2.4 Mass production and distribution We will also going for mass distribution of our product. We want to distribute our product each and every corner of the country. We hope to make our product available to all the customers within 2011. Consumers will get the drink where ever he or she goes. 4.3 Marketing Mix The marketer E. Jerome McCarthy proposed a four Ps classification in 1960, which has since been used by marketers throughout the world (Needham, 1996). It includes strategies in product itself, pricing, place or distribution, and promotion. Our planned marketing mix follows: 4.3.1 Product Our product will enable our customers to have a different experience to taste in juice based soft drinks. They will be able to differentiate our product in quality and test which are unique in the soft drink market. They will not be able to feel the same way for the other soft drinks in the market. Our first product is a canned sugarcane based drinks called the â€Å"Eclipse Sugarcane Pop†. It is a quality sugarcane based cold drinks beverage that includes many nutrition factors and comes with a 250ml attractive package. It is the first of its kind in the market. 4.3.2 Price The other juice drinks, soft drinks, and energy drinks products of same size  charge more than 25 taka while we are going to price our product at exactly Tk. 25 per 250ml can. It does carry its brand value along with a competitive price offer. 4.3.3 Place As mentioned earlier, we will be doing mass distribution through building a strong and coordinated distribution network. We will provide sales based incentive programs to motivate our distributors to sell more. Bottled soft drinks are distributed through different channels before reaching the consumer. A small proportion of goods go through distributors, who serve as middlemen, facilitating further distribution and warehousing. Up to 50% of soft drinks are purchased by the consumer in supermarkets and general retailers. Other retail outlets include fast food and drinking venues; convenience stores and gas stations; vending Machine operations; smaller outlets (such as drug stores, community centers); and exports. We can use either rail or road for transporting our products for distribution. But in case of By Road, we will maintain a contract with a specific petrol pump. We will receive the bill of petrol through fax, e-mail or SMS and the bill will be cleared by banks through â€Å"Electronic Data Interchange† (EDI). After receiving and checking the consignment we will store some quantity of juice in the Dhaka office and rest of the product will be sent to the warehouse. The Dhaka office will contact with the warehouse through mobile. Though we are not using any distributor the retailer will collect carrot from our Dhaka office. So, we can say that the Dhaka office will be our â€Å"Point of Selling† (POS). 4.3.4 Promotion As we are new in the industry, our major marketing strategy is to make extensive promotional campaigns in order to get recognized in the market. There are many media through which we can achieve that. We strongly prefer television, billboards, print and online social media to do our promotional activities. We can also visit school, college, universities and other crowded places to offer free samples of our product. 5.0 management team and new company structure The management team of a start up business typically consists of the founder or founders and a handful of key management personnel. It includes the founders, board of directors, board of advisors, managers, key personnel etc. A management team represents some of the most talented and experienced professionals in the industry. 5.1 Executive Officers Masrur Ahmed Roman, CEO and Co-Founder As chief executive officer of Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd., Masrur Ahmed Roman is responsible for company’s top management decisions, generally reflecting in all business function areas. He co-founded the Eclipse Chill Drinks. He holds a Masters of Business Administration degree from IBA-JU and has an overall 10 years of industry experiences. Subrata Howlader, CFO and Co-Founder He is the chief financial officer of the company who will oversee the accounting and finance department. He will be responsible for the arrangement of funds, financial projections etc. He also co-founded the Eclipse Chill Drinks and also holds a MBA degree from IBA-JU. He worked as a senior finance officer in a reputed company for more than 5 years. Saiful Islam, Executive Director As executive director, he is responsible for the external matters of Company: building partnerships and broader business relationships, government outreach and technology thought leadership, as well as advising the CEO and senior leadership on business and policy issues. He has the experience of being the Assistant Managing Director of a reputed company for 10 years and also holds a masters degree from Dhaka University. Mahamud Hasan, Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer He leads company global teams for legal, public policy, communications, corporate development/mergers and acquisitions, and product quality operations. He also serves as chairman of Company’s investment. Mahamud Hasan has a LLB degree and also got a masters degree from Dhaka University. 5.2 Board of Directors Masrur Ahmed Roman, Chairman of the board, CEO, Co-founder He has successfully led the Eclipse Chill Drinks since its origin and now will lead the board of directors of Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. Tushar Chanda, Co-founder He has been the head of sales and marketing department of Eclipse Chill, holds MBA degree from IBA-JU, and co-founded the company. Minhazul Abedin, Food and Beverage Expert He has got a masters degree in agricultural studies from Japan. He will provide the technical expertise and advice regarding the beverage products and its quality. 5.3 Board of Advisors Khondokar Mominul Haque, Co-founder He has been successfully managing the operations department of Eclipse Chill Drinks. He will now also serve as an advisor of the Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. Al Masud, Co-founder He has been the head of Human Resources department of Eclipse Chill Drinks, holds a MBA degree from IBA-JU, and co-founded the company. He is also a co-founder of the Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. Maruf Ahmed, Managing Director, Shahjalal Bank He will provide financial and capital related advice and help. Irine Sultana, Vice President, Agro Group She will provide product and market related advice. Mehedi Hasan, Co-founder He is overseeing the Research and Development team and will lead the product development besides being an advisor to the firm. 5.4 Other Professionals Other professionals include our attorney, who will provide legal advice and assistance, our accountant, who will record the financial activities and prepare financial reports, a management consultant, who will provide management consultancy, and a banker, who will help deal with bank transactions issues. 5.5 New Company Structure Figure 3: New Organizational Structure of Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. (self) 6.0 operations plan â€Å"Formally, an operation is the process through which resource inputs are converted into useful outputs (Viehland, 2005)†. It outlines how the business will be run and how your product or service will be produced and distributed. It is a useful way to illustrate how your business will be run  describing it in terms of â€Å"back stage† (unseen to the customer) and â€Å"front stage† (seen by the customer) activities. 6.1 General Approach to Operations It illustrates the back stage view and the front stage view of the operations. Our operations plan includes a manual for operations. The technical approach to the operations manual is illustrated below: Figure 4: Operations manual for Sugarcane drinks production (Seleghim, n.d., p.22) We already have a good relationship with the suppliers who provide us a large amount of raw sugarcane regularly. Our supplies mainly come from Rajshahi, Faridpur, and Kushtia districts. We have already obtained the required business license from the government and the Dhaka City Corporations. Additionally, we have acquired the permit from Health Ministry and Dhaka City Corporations. Our operating hours will be standard 8.5 hours of work including two breaks of 15 minutes each and a lunch break of 30 minutes. We will be extracting raw sugarcane juice and process it to produce a nutritious drink that will be canned for distribution, all in an automated process. The distribution network will be based on Dhaka. 6.2 Business Location Our manufacturing plant will be located in Gazipur. We have acquired a piece of 5acres of land on lease in Gazipur. It is not far from the highway and therefore the transportation for both raw materials and final products will be easier. It includes an artificial pond where our soft industrial wastes can be dumped. For heavy industrial wastes, we have contacted the Gazipur City Corporation for help and guidance. We have also acquired a permit from Gazipur City Corporation. 6.3 Facilities and Equipment We have contacted the a Chinese equipment manufacturer who is ready to make a deal to provide us with required quality machineries and agreed to keep a back up for major machineries in case of our emergency need. The manufacturing plant will have all the necessary safety and security measures and equipment. Our legal advisor is already working on creating a safety related guidelines and policy. The production process has got updated with a new technological advancement. We will be taking this chance and set up the  facility accordingly. 7.0 product design and development plan 7.1 Product Description Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. will sell a 250ml canned nutritious drink based on sugarcane juice that is enriched with Vitamin C. The product is called â€Å"Eclipse Sugarcane Pop† and it is totally a new product coming from the result of our outsourced R & D team effort. The juice is obtained by crushing peeled sugar cane in a mill. It can be a hand cranked machine, or powered. Then this raw juice will be sent to â€Å"sterilization machine† for sterilization, addition of nutritious elements, and packaging, all in an automated process. Table 2: Nutrition facts in Eclipse Sugarcane Pop (self) 7.2 Additional Ingredients Sugar, or other sweeteners such as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), fruit and carbonated water (constituting on average 94% of a soft drink) are the main ingredients of our soft drinks and are used in varying quantities. Other minor ingredients added in very low concentrations include flavorings derived from fruit (such as orange used in Fanta); acids (most commonly citric acid); additives to enhance flavor; texture; aroma; appearance; emulsions (most commonly gums and pectin) to enhance appearance; and preservatives and antioxidants (BHA, ascorbic acid, or other naturally occurring additives) to maintain color and flavor. Sugar production in mills requires a significant amount of energy and water and is only economically viable in very large scale sugar mill operations. Citrus fruit is the most processed fruit for soft drink production. 7.3 Packaging There are three types of packaging associated with the industry: primary packaging, which is the soft drink container; secondary packaging, which is the packaging used to group together individual primary packaging; and tertiary packaging, which is used to group together secondary packaging. This is due to the raw materials, energy, water and waste involved in production/recycling and the impacts of disposal such as littering, landfill space and the pollutants produced when incinerated from waste to use as  energy. Primary packaging of Eclipse Sugarcane Pop includes teen can with appropriate cover design and labels. Secondary packaging includes hard paper box cartoons. Tertiary packaging includes hardboard boxes. 7.4 Product Development 7.4.1 Product desirability Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon-type climate, with a hot and rainy summer and a dry winter. It has warm temperatures throughout the year, with relatively little variation from month to month. January is the coolest month with temperatures averaging near 26 ºC and May the warmest with temperatures from 33 to 36  ºC. It is warm and humid. In general, the temperatures ranging from as low as 3 ºC during the night in the winter season to as high as 40 ºC in the summer season (Haque, n.d.). Bangladeshi people tend to be thirstier due to the warm temperature. So they prefer to take soft drinks and juices most of the time. At present people are used to drink sugarcane juice from local vendors. Vendors extract juice from sugarcane and present it to the customer in a glass. These vendors usually sit in open places and are not concerned about hygiene factors. So from the preparation to presentation of sugarcane juice an unhygienic approach is followed by the local vendors. Thirsty people are drinking the juice as no more sugarcane juice providers are in the market currently providing hygienic sugarcane juice. So desirability for hygienic sugarcane juice drinks is very high. 7.4.2 Product demand In Bangladesh, almost 9 months of a year is summer. So there is always existence of the demand for soft drinks, juice, energy drinks etc. Consumers of these are ready to buy 250 ml, 500 ml and 1liter packages. However, initially we are considering only the 250ml package until it creates enough demand for our product in the market. It has been found that 15 glasses (200 ml per glass) of sugarcane juice are being sold per summer hour. The highest sale of the traditional sugarcane juice available right now is 400 glasses in a 10-hour day that is 40 glasses per hour. The lowest sale is 80 glasses in a 10 hour day that is 8 glasses per hour. Normally the lowest sales days are the rainy days (Haque, n.d). 7.5 Manufacturing In this product manufacturing process (usually referred to as the bottling process) water purification takes place to ensure that the flavor and quality of the beverage are not affected by bacteria or unwanted substances. A series of water purification processes take place such as coagulation, flocculation, filtration and sterilization. Reverse osmosis is increasingly used as the main final treatment process. Dissolved sugar, juice and flavor concentrates are pumped into batch tanks where they are carefully mixed making syrup. Some syrup, such as the fruit-based syrups, is sterilized. The whole bottling process uses between 2 and 4 liters of water per liter of soft drink that is produced, and between 0.5 and 1.0 mega joules per liter of soft drink creates energy in human body. Additional information regarding the manufacturing process has been covered in the Operations Plan section. 8.0 financial projections The Eclipse Chill Beverage financial picture is quite promising. Eclipse Chill Beverage is operating a cash business; the initial cost is significantly less than many start-ups these days. The financial investment in its employees will be one of the greatest differentiators between Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd and its competitors. The Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd anticipates the initial combination of investments and long-term financing to carry it without the need for any additional equity or debt investment, beyond the purchase of equipment or facilities. The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are shown in the following table. The key underlying assumptions are: 1. Sales Revenue: Yearly 689850 Unit @ 25tk per unit = 17246250 TK .Sales revenue will be increase as 2nd year-6%, 3rd year-10%, and 4th year-15% 2. Cost of goods sold: Our COGS are determining 50% of the sales price. In manufacture overhead we include two things direct labor & direct material. Direct labor = 768000 TK (Yearly), Direct material= 7281750 taka Yearly & Factory overhead cost yearly is =472000. So, Total cost of goods sold = (768000+7281750+472000) =8521750 & Ending inventory for the 1st year is =1040250 tk. 3. Advertising expense: Here include TV, Radio, Newspaper, Internet, Leaflets, Visiting card Allover advertising cost is =358000(yearly).But this will be increase at the @5% from the 2nd to 5th year 4. Salaries: our total worker salary is =1152000Tk.It will also increase if profit is increase. 5. Insurance: Total about is 15000000Tk and for this our insurance is 8000000Tk for the 10 years =8000000/10 =800000(yearly) 6. Deprecation: Our depreciation is 20% of the total equipment cost. Our total equipment cost AC cost=40000*6 =240000, Purchase fun= 1200*6= 24000, Computer cost= 30000*6 = 1800000, Purchase cover van=1000000*2 =2000000. Total cost =2444000. 20% of the total cost =2444000*20% =485000/10 =48500(Yearly) 7. Loan Payment: We take 6000000Tk loan from the bank with the interest of 14% for 10 Year: 60000000*14%=84000.So ,Principle+ Interest=600000+8400=684000 (Per year) 8. Utilities bill: Utilities bill includes Gas, Electricity, and Water. In this Gas and Water bill is fixed and Electricity bill is not fixed.

Game †leadership Essay

Some people prefer to play team sports, while others prefer to play individual sports. Discuss the advantages of each. Then indicate which you prefer and why. Probably, I will not tell you a secret if I say that sport plays a great role in our life. It is also known that the reason of its popularity is not only that sport is a well known method to keep fit, be healthy and beautiful, nice entertainment and recreation. Actually, nowadays, sports, both team and individual, is an integrated part of politics and business, which really lets to earn much money and perhaps this fact makes our passion to it even greater. As for me, I like different kinds of sports independently if it is team or individual one. But frankly speaking, in some situations I give preferences to one of them. First I’d like to speak about advantages of team sports. As for me, all kinds of team sports can be not only a nice entertainment but also a perfect training. Team games usually develop skills of working in group, contribution and, of course, leadership. I like to watch them more then to play. It is interesting for me to define a leader in the team and spy upon him or her. Actually, I have made an interesting own revelation – real team leaders are not always the captains of the team. Unfortunately, the same sometimes happens in other shears of life. As for the advantages of the individual sports, I’d like admit, that besides it gives vivid profits to the health and body, I think it also adds much to the ability of the person to struggle. Winning in sport games, successful sportsman achieves a success in all other fields. Actually I like this idea very much and that is why I feel an excitement both while watching some individual sports and even more while playing myself. In my school years I went info tennis. That is why till now I like this kind of sport mostly. According to my trainer’s words, tennis is the sport for aristocrats, that means that the movements of tennis players should be gentle, but at the same time accurate. Thus, there is no doubt for all of us that sport is very significant part of our life. It gives us not only an opportunity to be healthy and beautiful, but also a chance to be successful. As for me I like almost all kinds of sport games, but still myself I prefer to play individual sports, because it helps me to keep fit and always rush to the victory.

Performance Based Pay for Teachers

Performance Based Pay for Teachers Performance-based pay for teachers, or merit pay, is a trending educational topic. Teachers pay, in general, is often highly debated. Performance-based pay ties teaching components such as standardized test scores and teacher evaluations to a salary schedule. Performance-based pay originated from a corporate model that bases a teachers salary on job performance. Higher performing teachers receive more compensation, while lower performing teachers receive less. The Denver, Colorado school district may have the most successful performance-based pay program in the nation. The program, called ProComp, is seen as a national model for performance-based pay. ProComp was designed to impact critical issues such as student achievement, teacher retention, and teacher recruitment positively. The program has been credited with boosting those areas, but it does have its critics. Performance-based pay will likely continue to increase in popularity over the next decade. Like any educational reform issue, there are two sides to the argument. Here, we examine the pros and cons of performance-based pay for teachers. Pros Motivates Teachers to Make Improvements in the Classroom Performance-based pay systems offer teachers a reward based on meeting set performance measures typically tied to student performance. These measures are based on educational research and are a set of best practices intended to boost overall student outcomes. Many of the best teachers are already doing a lot of these things in their classrooms. With performance-based pay, they may be asked to take it a little above what they normally do, or it may motivate low performing teachers to get their acts together to receive their bonus. Provides Teachers With the Opportunity to Receive a Higher Salary People typically do not become teachers because of the salary. But, it doesnt mean that they do not want or need more money. Sadly, a relatively large number of teachers across the country are picking up a second job to keep their family afloat financially. Performance-based pay not only provides teachers with an option to make more money but also motivates them to meet targeted objectives while doing so. It is a win, win situation both for the teacher and their students. The teacher makes more money, and in turn, their students get a better education. Invites Competition Thus Raising Student Performance Performance-based pay creates competition among teachers. The better their students perform, the more money theyll receive. Higher outcomes translate to higher pay. Teachers are often competitive by nature. They want their fellow teachers to be successful. But, they also want to be more successful then them. Healthy competition pushes teachers to become better, which in turn boost student learning. Everyone wins when the best teachers work hard to stay at the top, and mediocre teachers work hard to improve enough to be considered one the best. Allows Bad Teachers to Be Removed Easier Many performance-based pay systems include components which enable principals to terminate teachers who continuously fail to meet goals and objectives. Most teacher unions adamantly opposed performance-based pay because of this element. Standard teacher contracts make it difficult to terminate employment, but a performance-based pay contract makes it easier to remove a bad teacher. Teachers who are unable to get the job done are replaced by another teacher who may be able to get things on track. Aids in Teacher Recruitment and Retention Performance-based pay can be an attractive incentive especially for young teachers who have a lot to offer. The opportunity for higher pay is often too compelling to pass up. To passionate teachers, the extra work is worth the higher salary. Also, schools offering performance-based compensation typically have no problems attracting top teaching talent. The pool is usually bottomless, so they can get quality teachers from the beginning. They also keep their good teachers. The best teachers are easy to retain because they are well respected and likely will not receive a higher salary elsewhere. Cons Encourages Teachers to Teach to Standardized Tests A large part of the performance-based pay objectives rests in standardized test scores. Teachers across the nation are already feeling the pressure to abandon creativity and originality and instead to teach to the tests. Attaching an increase in pay only amplifies that situation. Standardized testing is all the rage in public education, and performance-based pay just adds fuel to the fire. Teachers skip once celebrated teachable moments. They neglect valuable life lessons and have essentially become robots all in the name of passing a single test on a single day during the school year. Can Potentially Be Costly to the District School districts across the United States are already strapped for cash. Teachers on a performance-based contract receive a base salary. They receive a â€Å"bonus† for meeting specific objectives and goals. This â€Å"bonus† money can add up quickly. The Denver Public School District in Colorado was able to start ProComp thanks to voters who approved a tax increase that allowed them to fund the incentive program. It would have been impossible to fund the program without the revenue generated from the tax increase. School districts would find it exceedingly difficult to maintain the funds necessary to run a performance-based pay program without additional funding. Dilutes a Teacher’s Overall Value Most teachers offer much more than just the ability to meet learning objectives or goals. Teaching should be about more than just a test score. Ideally, teachers should be rewarded for the size of the impact they make and for making a difference in the lives of their students. Sometimes those qualities go unrecognized and unrewarded. Teachers have a powerful influence on their students, yet theyre relegated to ensuring that their students are going to pass a test. It skews the real value of a teacher when you only base the job they are doing on meeting student performance objectives.   Fails to Consider Factors Beyond a Teacher’s Control There are many factors beyond a teacher’s control that influence student performance just as much or more than any teacher will. Factors such as lack of parental involvement, poverty, and learning disabilities offer real hindrances to learning. They are nearly impossible to overcome. The reality is that teachers who sacrifice to pour into the lives of these students are often seen as bad teachers because their students do not meet the level of proficiency that their peers do. The truth is that many of these teachers are doing a far superior job than their peers who teach at an affluent school. Sometimes they fail to receive the same rewards for their hard work. Can Potentially Harm High-Risk Areas Every school is not the same. Every student is not the same. Why would a teacher want to teach in a school surrounded by poverty and have the cards stacked against them, when they can teach in an affluent school and have immediate success? A performance-based pay system would keep many of the best teachers from pursuing jobs in those high-risk areas because of nearly impossible odds to meet the performance measures needed to make it worth the while.

Managers, Operations and Management

Managers, Operations and Management Free Online Research Papers Managers have many functions in an organization. Traditionally, the term management refers to the set of activities, and often the group of people, involved in four general functions, including planning, organizing, leading and coordinating activities. Organizations often have 3 levels of managers. First-line managers are responsible for day-to-day operation. They also supervise the people performing the activities required to make the good or service. Middle managers supervise first-line managers. They are also responsible to find the best way to use departmental resources to achieve goals. Top managers are responsible for the performance of all departments and have cross-departmental responsibility. They establish organizational goals and monitor middle managers (jpkc). There are four functions for managers to use to assist and ease in making decisions on goals and projects. Those functions are: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. All four functional areas are important and require attention for an organization to succeed. In regards to managing there is numerous projects that need focus and attention. Planning functional area of management is the first essential phase of the overall management process. What comes out of planning provides a need for the other functional areas of management: organizing, leading and controlling. Planning Planning is the process used by managers to identify and select appropriate goals and courses of action for an organization. Three good steps to planning are: Which goals should be pursued? How should the goal be attained? How should the resources be allocated? This function is used to determine how effective and productive the organization is and used in the strategy process of the organization. Planning, including identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources needed to carry out methods, responsibilities and dates for completion of tasks. Examples of planning are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions planning, etc (jpkc). Planning can be described as â€Å"specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals† (Bateman Snell, 2004, p. 15). Organizing Organizing is the management function of assembling and coordinating human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals. Managers will group people into departments according to the tasks performed. They will also decide the lines of authority and responsibility for members. An organizational structure is the outcome of organizing. This structure coordinates and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve goals. In their work (â€Å"Management: The New Competitive Landscape,† 2004), authors Bateman and Snell define the organizing function of management as â€Å"assembling and Coordinating the human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals† (p. 15). Organizing resources to achieve the goals in an optimum fashion. Examples are organizing new departments, human resources, office and file systems, re-organizing businesses, and billing departments. Leading Leading is the management function that involves the manager’s efforts to stimulate high performance by employees. In leading, managers decide the direction to take; state a clear vision for employees to follow, and help employees understand the role they play in attaining goals. Leadership involves a manager using power in an assertive way, influence, vision, persuasion, and communication skills. The outcome of the leading function is a high level of motivation and commitment from employees to the organization. Leadership is a management functional area that can come into play early during planning, especially when it is evident that an idea needs to be communicated, gain support for a concept, or just simply communicate the nature of a project. Leading, including setting direction for the organization, groups and individuals and also influencing people to follow that direction. Examples are establishing strategic direction, vision, values, mission and goals, and championing methods of organizational performance management to pursue that direction (jpkc). Control Managers who control are able to evaluate how well the organization is achieving its goals and takes corrective action to improve performance. They will monitor individuals, departments, and the organization to determine if desired performance has been reached. Managers will also take action to increase performance as required. The outcome of the controlling function is the accurate measurement of performance and regulation of efficiency and effectiveness. Control provides feedback by which daily activities can be directed toward achieving goals and objectives. As a manager, you receive feedback and able to make adjustments to improve productivity, identify and take corrective action, and take control when opportunities exist for growth. The manager controls the organization’s processes and structures to effectively and efficiently reaches goals and objectives. This includes ongoing collection of feedback, and monitoring and adjustment of systems, processes and structures acco rdingly. The management functional area of controlling consists of processes, procedures and indicators by which one can measure the degree of success or failure associated with an enterprise. Examples include use of financial controls, policies and procedures, performance management processes, measures to avoid risks etc. Another common view is that management is getting things done through others. Yet another view, quite apart from the traditional view, asserts that the job of management is to support employees efforts to be fully productive members of the organizations and citizens of the community. Conclusion As we enter into the new generation of management, there are new functions of management; they help to define the new reality of the workplace and the new partnership of managers and employees working together to meet common goals. They are: energize, empower, support, and communicate. Managers make things happen. They create energy instead of taking from the department and from the organization; they channel and amplify it back to the organization. Successful managers create compelling visions for their employees to strive for, and then they get out of the way. They delegate responsibility and the authority necessary to get a job done. To achieve their goals, managers depend on the skills that their employees offer them and their organizations. Increasingly, managers are becoming coaches, colleagues, and cheerleaders for the employees they support rather than prison wardens or executioners. The best managers allow their employees to make mistakes or to disagree with the status quo with no fear of retribution. Information is power and information must be communicated throughout an organization quickly and efficiently. To most employees, the term management probably means the group of people (executives and other managers) who are primarily responsible for making decisions in the organization. In a nonprofit, the term management might refer to all or any of the activities of the board, executive director and/or program directors. Whatever the term, managers use the four functions to the best of their ability to accomplish many goals. It is up to each manager to also incorporate the new functions of management to energize and empower employees, to support them and communicate all necessary information within that organization. Work Cited Bateman, T.S., Snell, S.A. (2004). Management: The new competitive landscape. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Jpkc. (2005). What is management? Retrieved November 23, 2005 from http://jpkc.szpt.edu.cn/english/supplement/Unit1/management%20functions.htm. Nelson, Bob. (2005). The new functions of management. Retrieved November 23, 2005 from bizjournals.com/bizwomen/consultants/return_on_people/2000/04/24/column 76.html. Research Papers on Managers, Operations and ManagementThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfLifes What IfsInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperThe Hockey GameRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part One

How to Study Vocabulary for the New 2016 SAT

How to Study Vocabulary for the New 2016 SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you planning to take the SAT? Wondering how to handle the vocabulary questions? We will explain how the new SAT tests vocabulary and what that means for your study plans. Read on for an exclusive guide to new SAT vocabulary! What’s Vocabulary Like on the New SAT? As you may know, the SAT changedin 2016. The goal of the redesign is to make the SAT more modern and relevant for high school students. (Read more about the new SAT with our ultimateguide.) As part of the effort to make the SAT more modern, the Reading section no longer has sentence completionquestions. The sentence completion questions tested tough vocab words based on just one sentence of context and required obscure vocabulary knowledge. Since the new SAT is getting rid of this question type entirely, there is no longer the need to memorize hundreds of obscure vocabulary words.That's great news! Furthermore, there are far fewer vocabulary questions in general, and they are all given in the context of longer passages. The vocabulary words tested are â€Å"neither highly obscure nor only relevant to one domain,† according to the Specifications for the New SAT released by College Board. So what kinds of words is the new SAT testing? Multiple meaning words like â€Å"intense† will be tested, as opposed to super rare words like â€Å"exculpate† or â€Å"obsequious.† Below is an example of a vocab question from SAT Reading. As you can see from this example, memorizing the definition of the word "favor" wouldn't help you with this question, since any of the definitions could work for the word "favor" in different contexts. But by looking at the sentence, "The Millennialswho reached adulthood around the turn of the century and now outnumber baby boomers, tend to favor cities over suburbs, and are far more willing than their parents to ride buses and subways," you can see that only choice B, "prefer," makes sense in context. Below is a vocab question from SAT Writing. For this question, you're being asked if you should make a change to the word "swear" in the sentence "These models have expanded researchers' knowledge of ancient species and swear to advance the field of paleontology in the years to come." The correct answer is D, but you wouldn't know this just by memorizing the definition of the words in the answer choices. Like the Reading question, you need to understand the context the word is being used in to choose the correct answer.In other words, context clues will be much more important than inherently knowing the meaning of a word. Furthermore, vocabulary questions won't be a huge part of the new SAT. The new SAT will have about ten â€Å"word in context† questions for Reading (out of 52) and about eight word in context questions for Writing and Language (out of 44). This comes out to roughly 20% of questions in each section. In short, vocabulary is now a pretty minor part of the SAT, and rare vocabulary won't even be tested. So How Do You Study? Even though vocabulary is now just 20% of the Reading and Writing sections, that doesn’t mean that you should stop studying it completely. Having a strong knowledge of medium-difficulty, multi-meaning words will be crucial to doing well on the new SAT. But it no longer makes sense to spend hours and hours memorizing words. Forget about those â€Å"2000 SAT word† lists – there are simply too few vocabulary questions on the new SAT to justify spending that kind of time. Furthermore, it is important to be able to define words in context but not important to know obscure words. We will focus on two strategies: which words to learn and how to practice understanding words in context. Which Words Should You Learn? So now that the SAT has changed, how do you know which words you should be studying? Start with our PrepScholar SAT Vocab list, which teaches 262 words you should definitely know for the SAT. If you want more vocab lists after that, check out our guide to the best SAT vocabulary resources.Theselists will give you a strong foundation of words likely to appear on the new SAT, and we also give you tips on how to study them. How to Learn Words in Context Memorizing vocabulary should only be a small part of your new SAT vocabulary studying. The more important skill to learn will be how to identify and figure out the meaning of words in context. This means you should do two things: read challenging articles and learn to pick out and define words. One great (and free!) browser application to help you with this is ProfessorWord,which automatically identifies potential SAT/ACT vocabulary on various pages on the weband then provides a definition. By reading articles, you can make sure to learn realistic vocabulary likely to appear on the new SAT, rather than ultra-specialized words the SAT no longer tests. See the example below which breaks down the SAT/ACT vocabulary in a recent Atlantic article. Screenshot via The Atlantic. The vocabulary words are highlighted. If you don't know the meaning of the word, you can type it into the ProfessorWord box next to "Define." A brief definition will appear, along with links to online dictionaries with more detailed definitions. The way you can turn this into a study exercise is to pull up a challenging article, and see if you can define the highlighted words based on the words around them. Only then do you use the ProfessorWord "Define" feature to look at the actual definition. If you were wrong about a word, write the word and its definition down on a flashcard and study it to naturally expand your vocabulary. If you read one article per day and use ProfessorWord, you will get excellent practice at defining words in context and naturally expand your vocabulary. What Kinds of Articles Should You Be Reading? Any articles from the following publications/newspapers/magazines will contain SAT vocabulary. Make sure to read from different genres, as the new SAT will have passages from US and world literature, history/social studies, and science. For example, don’t just read an article about politics every day, as you will encounter very similar vocabulary and lose the opportunity to learn vocabulary to help with science and literature passages. This is just a small list of publications to get you started. If you have a favorite newspaper or magazine, feel free to incorporate it into your study regimen as long as ProfessorWord finds SAT/ACT vocabulary words in it. Starter List of Publications by Category US and World Literature: The New Yorker, The New York Times Book Review, and short stories published in various popular magazines (Vogue, GQ, Elle) History/Social Science: The New York Times, The Washington Post, Time, The Atlantic, Slate, The Economist, Bloomberg News Science: Wired, Popular Science, Psychology Today Other Tools and Tips Use the Waterfall method to learn vocabulary words. This is an effective memorization strategy that will help you learn words efficiently. We also recommend using Quizlet, an online flashcard program that you can connect to your smartphone. This is a great way to study words on the go – and also an excellent choice for people like me who hate hand writing flash cards. Finally, if you would prefer to hear definitions of words spoken aloud rather than just reading them, use the vocabulary videos at Vocab Ahead to help you master definitions. What’s Next? Want to learn more about SAT Reading beyond just vocab questions? Check out our ultimate SAT Reading study guide. It will teach you the content, skills, and tips you need to improve your SAT Reading score. Not sure what score to aim for on the SAT? Learn how to come up with a target score for the SAT based on the colleges you want to attend. How long should you study for the SAT? Read our guide so you know exactly how many hours to spend on SAT prep. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Vietnam war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vietnam war - Essay Example Evidently, the issue has been viewed differently as the books that will be discussed highlight. Some authors attribute the American to poor decision-making, and lack of support from the congress. Notably, several factors fuelled the failure, as this paper will indicate. Howard Zinn bases his argument on the origin, the course, and the end of the Vietnam War. Zinn sees the Vietnamese as an experienced side that had waged successful wars against the French and the Japanese. In his book â€Å"A People’s History of the United States,† Howard Zinn clearly manifests that even though Americans had the best technology and military artillery during the Vietnam War, America was destined for failure. Before their involvement in the Vietnam War, the U.S government did not seek the opinions of the people whom they represented (Zinn 440). As a result of lack of cooperation between the U.S government with her citizens in the middle of the war with a determined and organized opponent led to the inevitable defeat to America. The American citizens played a central role in the Vietnam War. It is during the war in Vietnam that America saw the greatest antiwar movements. The work of Howard Zinn, Zinn views the war in Vietnam in terms of failure and success. On one hand, Howard Zinn asserts that the American government failed and it was a victory both to the nationalists in Vietnam as well as the American Citizens who were opposed to the involvement of the government of the United States in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was supposed to end in the victory of America, and the spread of American Policy and supremacy. It never came to be. The U.S government, instead, settled for peaceful dissolution of the war (443). By residing in peace to end the Vietnam War, Howard Zinn further argues that the U.S government was sugarcoating defeat by the revolutionary nationalists in Vietnam. An additional author who has sought to discuss the same

Risk and Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Risk and Quality Management - Essay Example ..†¦13 8.0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 9.0 Introduction By definition and ISO 9000:2005 recognition, quality is the degree to which a set of variables has the ability to meet the required standards. Risk can be simply defined as the possibility of failure. The Risk management is the continuous process of identifying, prioritizing and eliminating potential sources of failure to reach preset objectives. Operational risks that risk managers seek to minimize eliminate or control is enterprise risk, project risks and process risks. (Perkins, 2011) Literature Review; project and quality management Project management processes and quality management processes are correlated. ... Quality management comes in to ensure that the project management process is successful. In quality management, the value of output against the set standard is key. Time taken to deliver the output is kept in mind when quality management is done. The two processes, therefore, marry and work as one in the realization on organizational goals. (Greenberg, 2012) Tools and strategies used In total quality management, some common tools are used. These tools are grouped into categories. The categories alongside their tools include the following basics. Quality tools such as histograms, Pareto charts, fish bone, flow chart, scatter diagrams, control charts and check points. These are used to explain the relationships between two decision variables. In project planning and implementation, they are used to determine which project to invest in. the determining factors are the cash inflows and outflows and the gestation periods of the project. (Wiley, 2006 p 72) The use of histograms diagrammati cally shows the comparison of cash flows and benefits of projects. In risk and quality management, they are useful since they allow the representation of large volumes of data. From a glance, one can tell the frequency and variation of the represented data. In this case, the project planners can tell the future trend of their venture. The data values that are to be measured is collected and tabularize. The minimum values per item, say, output per hour of product A to G is 100. Statistical values on each variable are made. These are the mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, skewness, kurtosis, class width and number of classes. These statistics are used to compare the

Discrimination in Gtan Torino Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discrimination in Gtan Torino - Essay Example The 2008 film Gtan Torino, which stares Clint Eastwood exhibits a high level of cultural diversity. However, Walt Kowalski, who is the main character and protagonist in the movie, shows high level of resistance to the abundant cultural diversity. He is filled with stereotypes and prejudice on the cultural units he desists. Kowalski lives a rather miserable life, as he is haunted by memories of the people he killed in the war in Korea, when he was in the military. His wife also dies, he is not in good terms with his children and family, and does not get along with the neighbours. Therefore, his is a solitary life, which he lives with his dog.   Kowalski is an angry veteran, who hates and despises Koreans. He also hates and despises his neighbours, who are Hmongs. He treats them in an ill manner, abuses them, and considers them barbaric and uncivilized.   Stereotyping, which is a form of discriminating is wrong, and most of the time, does not depict the true picture of the person o r group being discriminated against. Stereotypes are false perceptions about a group of people, which outsiders hold about them. Nonetheless, unless one interacts with certain people, and learns their way living and doing things, then holding any type of stereotypes about them is wrong. In this film, Kowalski has various stereotypes about most Asian ethnic groups. For instance, he believed that all Chinese people cooked and fed on dogs as a meal. Nonetheless, his neighbours were Hmongs.... In this film, Kowalski has various stereotypes about most Asian ethnic groups. For instance, he believed that all Chinese people cooked and fed on dogs as a meal. Nonetheless, his neighbours were Hmongs, who are an Asian ethnic group from parts of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Kowalski therefore, despises his neighbours, and thinks they too cook and eat dogs. However, when he finally establishes a close relationship with them, he realizes that they prepare and eat good and decent meals, just like him. This therefore, proves his stereotype against them wrong. Discrimination against a certain group of people based on their race might make one to miss special opportunities of exploring and getting in touch with human diversity. One might fail to see the good side of the people whom they discriminate against. This is because; those who discriminate against others are less likely to associate with them, as they regard them to be less important. Therefore, discrimination is wrong, si nce it denies one the opportunity to experience and benefit from a different cultural group. In this film, Kowalski is a lonely old man, who does not have company, as even his own children do not like being around him, and even plan to take him to a retirement village. Nonetheless, when Kowalski gets in close association with his neighbours, through the young Sue and Thao, he begins to learn many positive facts about the Hmong people, which he never imagined, as he had belittled the Hmongs and other Asian ethnic groups. Although one might consider their ethnic group as superior, compared to others, there might be many factors, which the other groups that are perceived less powerful, have, that

Personal encounter with nature (animals) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal encounter with nature (animals) - Essay Example It was an animal with black and white spots that tensed up. However, I had learnt some tips of how to react when one encounters a leopard. According to Schneier (n.d), if one encounters a leopard, the individual should avoid gazing at the animal and run to safety. It is also wise not to disturb or jump over its laid tail. I moved to the sideways of the path to avoid contact with the animal. Leopards are sensitive and react swiftly to the prey. Therefore, the animal raised its tail and walked ahead of my path through the bush and laid its tail again. I did not attempt to chase the animal away or scream for help since it would make the leopard uneasy and attack me. I walked shivering to the gate of my home and avoided any contact with the leopard. It was a great relief getting to door of my house safely. I learnt that when in an encounter with leopards, being cautious and relaxed is always mandatory. An individual can fall a prey to the animal if they attack the animal. However, the animal can also provide protection if handled carefully since they are part of nature. Schneier, Bruce. Dont Look a Leopard in the Eye, and Other Security Advice. Retrieved on 20 Feb 2014 from http://www.wired.com/politics/security/commentary/securitymatters/2007/05/securitymatters_0531?currentPage=all Wired

German Car Makers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

German Car Makers - Essay Example Main focus is to sell the cheap cars as basic rides since the major car market in the emerging market comprises of middle class society. But this low cost cars are not getting popular only in emerging world but even in premium market they are getting enough market. This has been the cause of worry for the big car maker like Toyota. Now even Toyota trying to come up with budget car to get hold of emerging market. Apart from budget car market premium car market is moving towards sensible motoring. German car makers have positioned themselves in the wrong sides of both these budget and premium car markets. This is the external environment in which Daimler Chrysler operates. Key factors and trends in this environment can be identified by using Porter’s five forces model. Here, world car market is divided into cheap and cheerful market and premium market depending on the nature of the demand of the customers. So buyers bargaining power is the key. Chrysler’s sales are not rising because today buyers have different options, each of which is equally good. Although there has been rapid improvement in terms of design and production lines, Chrysler still doesn’t have enough competitive product line as compared to its rivals. Customers have more bargaining power because they have better options from other car makers. Competition among the car makers are intense in nature as every company is coming up with new inventions, new strategies to establish those inventions. Chrysler has to come up with new better product lines in terms of technology, features and design to stay ahead of the competition. Suppliers have more bargaining power because there is more number of substitutes as all the big players are coming up with their new inventions to grab the emerging market. Suppliers are more powerful when the company is not financially sound.  This is exactly the situation in case of Chrysler as it is struggling both in terms of financial condition and product lines. Company has failed to come up with new product lines, keeping the pace with market trend.  

Personal encounter with nature (animals) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal encounter with nature (animals) - Essay Example It was an animal with black and white spots that tensed up. However, I had learnt some tips of how to react when one encounters a leopard. According to Schneier (n.d), if one encounters a leopard, the individual should avoid gazing at the animal and run to safety. It is also wise not to disturb or jump over its laid tail. I moved to the sideways of the path to avoid contact with the animal. Leopards are sensitive and react swiftly to the prey. Therefore, the animal raised its tail and walked ahead of my path through the bush and laid its tail again. I did not attempt to chase the animal away or scream for help since it would make the leopard uneasy and attack me. I walked shivering to the gate of my home and avoided any contact with the leopard. It was a great relief getting to door of my house safely. I learnt that when in an encounter with leopards, being cautious and relaxed is always mandatory. An individual can fall a prey to the animal if they attack the animal. However, the animal can also provide protection if handled carefully since they are part of nature. Schneier, Bruce. Dont Look a Leopard in the Eye, and Other Security Advice. Retrieved on 20 Feb 2014 from http://www.wired.com/politics/security/commentary/securitymatters/2007/05/securitymatters_0531?currentPage=all Wired

EIC and new ways of waging war Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

EIC and new ways of waging war - Research Paper Example Grotius the VOC jurist The VOC was formed as a private company whose main aim was to counteract the dominance of Portuguese interests in the East and West Indies region, as well as target Spanish interests in the ongoing conflict between the Dutch and the Spaniards. Grotius was appointed by the VOC Company as an advocate to champion the freedom of navigation and free access to markets that were under the strict control of the Portuguese.3 He conducted a campaign whose main aims were to legitimize the operations of the VOC as a body interested in fighting for free trade, the abolition of monopoly, and freedom of navigation in the East Indies waters; all of which the Portuguese were not willing to accept.4 The primary purpose in founding the VOC was so that it could anchor Dutch interests in the East Indies by moving fast to take advantage of lucrative trade routes that were under threat from British Imperial merchants. ... ket requirements.5 As a young philosopher, Grotius laid the foundation for a new understanding of international law and Just War Theory that formed the basis for Dutch arguments towards the legality of their operations in the East Indies. For example, in 1609, Grotius anonymously published Mare Liberum, or the â€Å"Freedom of the Seas,† which was a way to declare war outside the European continent mainly driven by low profits from the West Indies trade, and increasing competition from the English.6 As the main VOC jurist, Grotius advocated for the legitimization of the actions and operations of the VOC, arguing that they were legal and moral. For example, on the issue of extradition, Grotius argued that all nations had the natural right and duty to either extradite or punish malefactors.7 Moreover, Grotius held that subjects of the United Netherlands had a right to sail and trade in the East Indies.8 This challenged Portuguese, Spanish, and English interests in the East Indie s. Mainly, this was argued on the principle that every nation had the right to trade with any nation it pleases.9 Moreover, Grotius’ argued that the Portuguese and Spanish did not have sovereignty over the areas they occupied in the East Indies. Hence to deny the Dutch any trade rights or the rights to passage would be absurd and unjust. This paved the way for increased competition and conflict in the East Indies amongst the European powers. In February 1603, the VOC seized the Portuguese vessel Santa Catarina along the Singapore coast, on the pretext that Portuguese merchants had aggrieved Dutch vessels, and therefore seizing the ship was justified as a form of reparation.10 Grotius argued that the Portuguese had denied the Dutch the natural right of access and trade in Asian markets, that the

African American Essay Example for Free

African American Essay Literature gives writers of all creeds the vehicle to express themselves in numerous ways – love, hate, fear, sadness, and hope. Writers give their interpretations of life through verse and bring readers of their works into their world for just a moment. Although some may consider race and ethnicity the same, they are totally different. An example of this is in the poems, What Its Like to Be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith and Child of the Americas by Aurora Levins Morales. Both authors give their view of how race and ethnicity plays a part in one’s life when it comes to even the simplest decision. Growing up in a diverse community has its advantages. It is amazing to see people trying to guess each other’s race and ethnicity. Innocent as it may seem at a young age to do this, it may have been the precursor to feelings towards the opposite race. The United States is a melting pot of different races coming together for one purpose – to have a good life. This means raising a family, having a good job, buying a car and home without fear of being discriminated against. In the stories by two diverse women shows how race and ethnicity played a large part in developing their lives. Race is defined in layman terms as â€Å"the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics which result from genetic ancestry† (Diffen, 2013). Race encompasses the color of one’s skin (Causcasion – white, Asian – yellow), facial features (African American – physical features, Latinos – height) and so on. Ethnicity is defined in layman terms as â€Å"an ethnic group or ethnicity is a population of human beings whose members identify with each other, on the basis of a real or a presumed common genealogy or ancestry† (Diffen, 2013). Ethnicity encompasses ancestry of one’s family tree. Some believe they may be the descendants of Roman culture and others feel they are descendants of a culture before the time of Christ. Thanks to modern day technology, most have found they are part of a past culture or cultures – a mixture of cultures. According to the website, Difference Between explains the difference between race and ethnicity as: 1. Ethnicity gives us room to change because we can reject our own and embrace another. You can move from one region to another and assimilate your beliefs, actions and customs to identify with that ethnic orientation. You cannot do the same with race. 2. Race is your biologically engineered features. It can include skin color, skin tone, eye and hair color, as well as a tendency toward developing certain diseases. It is not something that can be changed or disguised (Difference Between, 2013). In the story, What Its Like Being a Black Girl by Patricia Smith, the author gives the audience an insider’s view into a young black girl’s transition into black woman-hood when being African American (Black) was not as welcomed as being white. â€Å"It’s being 9 years old and feeling like you’re not finished like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything, wrong. † (Smith, 2013). Smith writes that growing up in this era for a young â€Å"black girl† is having the feeling of being awkward her body is changing and people will see her differently. For Smith, this hope is for the opportunity to live a life where she can become a doctor, lawyer or celebrated writer. In addition, a hope that people will see her through eyes of respect for her work and not her skin color or ethnic background. Author Aurora Levins Morales writes for those struggling to find their identities and their voices and speaks on issues pertaining to history and the multicultural experience. In the poem, Child of the Americas, Morales gives her views on life as an American of mixed race. It is a poem about an American who came from a mixture of various cultures that comprise her heritage and her identity as an American. â€Å"I am a child of the Americas, a light-skinned mestiza of the Caribbean, a child of many diaspora, born into this continent at a crossroads. I am a U. S. Puerto Rican Jew, a product of the ghettos of New York I have never known† (Morales, 2013). Morales continues â€Å"I am not African. Africa is in me, but I cannot return. I am not taina. Taino is in me, but there is no way back. I am not European. Europe lives in me, but I have no home there† (Morales, 2013). Morales believes she is a melting pot filled with different ethnic backgrounds but will not be accepted in these native countries because people of that country will only see the outside – her skin color, her hair, her eyes. We have all done this – guessing the ethnicity of a person – is she mixed with African or is she mixed with German, is he Italian or is he French? We do not get to know the person – we automatically judged them by the way they look. Both Morales and Smith write about what most people in this country are experiencing on a daily basis – racial and ethnic prejudice. However, in the 1970’s, African Americans embraced their African background by donning dashikis and wearing their hair in Afros and braids. This led to most people in this country to investigate their ethnic backgrounds. Now in the 2013, people are going to sites such as Ancestry to find out about their ethnic and racial history. People want to know more about their past in hopes it will show them where they are going. Even in the writing arena, both authors faced challenges getting their works published because of their race. Luckily, according to author Lee, brave publishers have pushed to have more and more authors of color works published. â€Å"Much of the work by mixed-race artists, though certainly not all of it, reveals the fault lines and pressure points that still exist in a rapidly changing America. It is on these rough edges that many multiracial people live, and where many artists find the themes that animate their work: the limits of tolerance, hidden or unacknowledged assumptions about identity, and issues of racial privilege and marginalization† (Lee, 2011). Still, a small percentage of publishers will not published women of color’s literary works. This is why many ethnic writers have established their own publishing houses and stores, such as Wal-mart, stock ethnic materials from not only well-known authors but those new to the literary arena. In an article by Martin Arnold detailing his interview with author and publisher Melody Guy, she states, â€Å"most of our first novels have an initial printing of between 17,000 and 20,000 copies, and a majority of them went back for second and thirds, and most are paying royalties. This is true for other women of diverse ethnic backgrounds. Smith and Morales gives the reader insight into their complicated lives as writers with diverse backgrounds. Although they differ in race and ethnicity, both encounter the same problems living in a country whose racial make-up is rich with diverse personalities. Smith wrote about growing up with a stigma already attached to her as an African American female wanting to be like her white counterparts. â€Å"it’s dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and suffering their burn in silence. It’s popping a bleached white mophead over the kinks of your hair and primping in front of mirrors that deny your reflection† (Spoken Word Academy, 2013). In Morales’s world, it about being a born in this country, speaking a different language in addition to having a different skin color and being told she is still a foreigner. â€Å"I am a U. S. Puerto Rican Jew, a product of the ghettos of New York I have never known. An immigrant and the daughter and granddaughter of immigrants. I speak English with passion: it’s the tongue of my consciousness† (Diaz, 2013). Literature gives writers of all creeds the vehicle to express themselves in numerous ways – love, hate, fear, sadness, and hope. Growing up in the United States, race and ethnicity is a big issue especially when it comes to finding a job, a home and getting an education. People should not judge each other by their race or ethnicity. Getting to know the person – their thoughts, dreams, ambitions – should be first and foremost. Smith and Morales found a common outlet for their frustrations with life where they live and how they live – literature. With their literary writings about growing up in America struck a familiar cord with many in this land of many races. It is because of their writings, people can gain a better understanding of how life is on the other side – the diverse side – of life in America. What It’s Like To Be A Black Girl (For Those Of You Who Aren’t) By Patricia Smith first of all, it’s being 9 years old and feeling like you’re not finished, like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything, wrong, it’s dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and suffering their burn in silence. It’s popping a bleached white mophead over the kinks of your hair and primping in front of mirrors that deny your reflection. It’s finding a space between your legs, a disturbance at your chest, and not knowing what to do with the whistles, it’s jumping double dutch until your legs pop, it’s sweat and Vaseline and bullets, it’s growing tall and wearing a lot of white, it’s smelling blood in your breakfast, it’s learning to say **** with grace but learning to **** without it, it’s flame and fists and life according to Motown, it’s finally having a man reach out for you then caving in around his fingers. (Spoken Word Academy, 2013).

Coach Carter Review

Coach Carter Review Coach Carter is a 2005 film directed by Thomas Carter. It is based on a true story, after the Richmond High School basketball coach Ken Carter portrayed by (Samuel L. Jackson) made headlines in for benching his undefeated team the Richmond Oilers due to poor academic results. In this essay I will be explaining how the film Coach Carter presents one or more key characters in a positive light. Many of the characters are seen in a negative light at the beginning of the film however as the film progresses many of the characters change and are seen in a positive light. I have analysed the character of Timo Cruz. I have done this by focusing on film codes and conventions such as Camera Angles and lighting. The character of Timo Cruz is portrayed in the film by Rick Gonzalez .His character is portrayed in a negative light at the beginning of the film. He is very rude to many of his fellow players and Coach Carter. He is very stubborn and short temped. A good example of his attitude would be on coach carters first day. After five minutes of Ken Carter being coach he gets in a fight with him. He verbally abuses the Coach and even attempts to hurt him. The coach responds by getting him in a headlock and slamming him against wall and asks him to leave his gym one more time. Timo angrily walks out of the gym screaming This Aint Over! and vows never to return back to basketball. He goes back on the street trafficking and selling drugs with his cousin Renny. Film codes and conventions help the audience to gain an understanding of Timo Cruz. The Film director has used the film codes and conventions such as Camera Angles and lighting. In the beginning of the film the director has used intense lighting. Intense lighting creates both harsh light and harsh shadow. It is used to create a harsh mood, to conceal someones face or emotions or to indicate that something or someone is bad. Whenever Timo is in shot Timos Face is usually half hidden and not always showing making him making him look dark and hidden. The producer has used this to show his dark and hidden personality from view. This type of lighting gives an idea to the audience that there is more to Timo then meets the eye and it might not be all that nice. Also during the beginning of the film the director has used the low angle is a camera angle that looks up at a character. This is the opposite of a high angle and makes a character look more powerful. Timo Cruz likes to believe that is he scared of nobody and he is the most valued player in the basket ball team he believes he is powerful and strong and everyone is afraid of him. That is why the producer as used that shot to show that Timo believes that he is strong and powerful. This can make the audience feel vulnerable and small by looking up at the character giving him the impression that he is intimidating person. The character of Timo Cruz begins to change during the film. In the beginning of the film Timo left the team because of a dispute between the coach and himself. However as the film progresses Timo becomes aware of what he has done and asks to join back on the team. The coach is firm on his Decision however the coach gives in and gives Cruz a chance to come back on the team. Carter challenges him with the impossible task of 1000 suicides and 2500 pushups to be completed in less than a week. Cruz tortures himself to do it, and with the help of his teammates also doing suicides and pushups, he is able to complete them and Coach Carter allows him back on the team. This shows that instead of Cruz just quitting he pushes himself to do it. This is a major character change not to give up and do things to your best ability.When Coach Carter stops basketball practice because of the teams bad academic performance, Cruz Quits the team for a second time, eventually going back to work for Renny. L ate one night, Renny (Timos Cousin) is shot and killed on the sidewalk while Cruz is walking back to him after greeting his friends from the team. Cruz ends up at Carters house that night, apologizing for his behaviour and begging him to allow him back on the team. So Carter lets Cruz back on the team, saving him from a future like his cousins. The actions Timo has done shows that he now realises that his Actions can heavily result on his future and this is a major sign of change. Film codes and conventions again help the audience to gain an understanding of Timo Cruz as he changes during the course of the film. Firstly the main film code that has changed to show Timo in a positive light is that there is a bit more lighting. Whenever Timo is in shot we can now see a bit more of his face. Showing his expressions and feelings towards Coach Carter and his team mates, the director has done this to show that Timo is beginning to show himself and his real personality. Also now whenever Timo Cruz is with Coach Carter there are high shots of Timo Cruz. High shots are used to make the subject of the shot small and un-powerful. This is a huge change from the low shots from the beginning of the film. The director has used this shot to show the audience that Timo is now beginning to realise that he is no-longer in power and Coach Carter is. He is no-longer the mean intimidating person he once was .He now looks venerable to Coach Carter and his school and teammates. By the end of the film the character of Timo Cruz is now shown in a positive light. As Coach Carter Leaves to team Timo decides to tell him what his deepest fear is (throughout the film the Coach has been asking Timo what is his deepest fear) Timo Cruz replies: Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness that world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people dont feel insecure around most frightens us. Your playing small does not serve the you. We are all meant to shine as children do. Its not just in some of us; its in everyone. And as we let our own lights shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others. Sir I just wanna say thank youyou saved my life. This quote means that his own fear is to not fulfil his true potential quoting Marianne Williamson in her book, R eturn to Love. From Timo calling everyone Niger to resighting poetry is a huge positive jump .Since returning on the team he has left the drugs trade for good. At the end of the movie it states he was successful of getting a scholarship. He now attends Humboldt State University where he plays basketball as a starting guard The Final film codes and conventions help the audience to gain an understanding of Timo Cruz and how he is now successful and is shown in a positive light. Firstly Timo can be fully seen in every shot there is no more intense lighting to show that he is a bad person, but the audience can completely see him in every shot. When can see all the expressions on his face, also there are no longer any high or low shots to make him look powerful or venerable there is only one shot the medium shot. This shot shows all of Timos expressions on his face. The director has used this shot to show that he is very happy and feels successful. It may be argued that the character of Timo Cruz motivates viewers .This is because despite Timos low odds of becoming successful or in case going to college he comes from the bad side of Richmond; He doesnt have a loving and supporting family, He goes to a school which has horrible academic standards and low morale, he with his cousin Renny are in the drug trafficking business. So with all of his problems stacked against him he still manages to become successful at the end of the movie it states Timo now attends Humboldt State University where he is a starting guard and also studding subjects. This motivates People including me that anyone with the attitude to can be successful no matter where youre from or who you are you can shine. Overall I have analysed how the character of Timo Cruz has succeeded despite adversity. I have shown how The director Thomas Carter has cleverly used film codes to show how Timo Cruz has been portrayed in both a negative and positive lights through lighting and Camera Shots. To show that however you are raised or where ever you are that anyone can succeeded and be successful.

Essay on Shirows Ghost in the Shell -- Ghost in the Shell Essays

Shirow's Ghost in the Shell The real beauty of Mamoru Oshii's adaptation of Shirow's Ghost in the Shell lies in its attention to detail and the sheer cohesiveness of these details which collectively form complex ideas and plot. In nearly every detail and every plot element lies some tie to the key themes of the anime. Some of the main themes deal with the commodification of the flesh and body; the separation between one's spirit and body; and the idea that a static environment or organism a weak stronghold. Here I will choose to focus on how through details the film explicates these themes, rather than spending time extrapolating or explaining the themes in detail myself. The first key scene to examine is the interlude midway through the movie in which Motoko wanders through the city as music is played, inducing an almost transcendental mood. Nearly every one of those shots either shows the impersonality of the city, or some object which seems to make a statement about the separation between an individual and that individual's body, how the one does not equate to or determine the other. For instance, Motoko sees several women- eating and walking- with the same face as her own, and the viewer immediately begins to wonder what else is similar. The concept that the body does not in any way determine the personality seems ridiculous to us, as our bodies are valued, and never to be bought sold, or worst of all, replaced. In the crowded, impersonal city (This impersonality was another important point, as that very lack knowledge of those around leads to a sort of commodification of strangers, which is similar to that same commodification of the body), among the thousands or millions of people she co... ...when Motoko gears up in the van as she and Togusa chase the garbage truck. They speak of why he was hired, and her explanation is, "Overspecialize and you breed in weakness. It's slow death." Indeed, plot-wise, the only reason that Project 2501 chooses to meld with Motoko is that he does not wish to be weaker by being static. All of these details are simply brief examples of variety and enormity of thought put into this animated film. Its visuals do as much for the themes as does its plot and dialogue, and neither may be completely separated. The endless foreshadowing brings about a certain interwoven quality of plot which makes this an amazingly complex- yet unified- story and concept. In all, Ghost in the Shell did a wonderful job of portraying its themes as each minute of the movie had something new to show, and all were related to the total narrative.